The analysis of practice and the development of a theoretical framework for selective management are the major tasks without which it is impossible to ensure the preservation and development of the intellectual potential of the country as a whole and its main component - the higher school. There is a need to create a special mechanism for implementing selective policy in relation to such a grand-scale socio-economic system as the higher education. The article considers foreign practice of selective approach to research management.

The multifactor regression analysis of the overall population’s health was conducted and the impact of industrial emission of air pollutants on the residents of the Vladimir region was estimated. Among the most influential factors were the emissions from permanent sources and the year of observation, whereas the location - a region or a town - and traffic fumes (despite an increase in vehicles in the region) were of no great importance.

This article considers the development of agricultural policy of the European Union. Particular attention is paid to the modern stage, which is initiated by WTO Agricultural Agreement. Toward this end the programs of «decoupling» of subsidies are activated and agricultural clusters are brought into being. Being fixed in 2014-2020 Common Agricultural Policy and Multiannual Financial Framework these programs are to be fulfilled in the mid-run.

The urgency of the problem of sustainable development is predetermined by acuteness of social challenges and accumulated negative changes in rural social development. The article reveals the ambiguity in interpretations of “sustainable development” and defines the term in application to rural territories. Recent social changes taking place in the countryside have been estimated and social problems of sustainable development of rural territories of the Russian Federation have been revealed. Some recommendations have been made to promote the sustainable development of Russia’s rural areas.

The article presents data of the international ratings of investment attractiveness of the Republic of Bashkortostan, analyzes the processes that characterize the particular attraction of foreign investments in Bashkiria, describes the dynamics of attracting foreign investments to the Republic of Bashkortostan, assesses the institutional prerequisites for creating favorable conditions for foreign investors, illustrates successful investment partnership with foreign companies and considers the perspectives of investment policy in the region.

The article presents some aspects of the transition of the Russian economy to innovation development: the modernization of technical and technological base of production, the improvement of the quality of the “human factor”, the necessity of addressing the problem of improvement of the quality of labour and institutions, the interaction of science and industry. The importance is attached to the problem of transition to innovative education and the factors of this transition.

The article is devoted to identifying the key features of leadership and innovation as a specific form of governance that is relevant to modern conditions of economic activity. The authors show the difference of leadership from both traditional management and the leadership of classical type. The major traits of leadership, such as environmentalism, innovative thinking, passionarity, inner freedom, communication and others are identified. It is substantiated that under modern conditions leadership is a specific immaterial asset of corporations and an independent factor in making added value and profitability.

The article describes the models of pension insurance which are currently developed within the framework of the CIS for migrant workers. The paper shows the shortcomings of the pension model that exists in most of the CIS countries. The latter is based on the territorial principle. The author substantiates the necessity of transition to a model based on the principle of proportionality, with pension costs being distributed among the countries on whose territory migrants work.

The article discusses the factors affecting the formation, development and reproduction of human capital as the main resource of the innovation knowledge economy. Two main groups of factors that determine the level of social and biological components of human capital are distinguished. In the human capital reproduction context such factors as the quality of life and level of development of the national innovation system have been researched. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of factors affecting the finance of human capital reproduction

The article investigates the theoretical foundation of customs economy, and considers the content of the basic laws and patterns of customs economic development by analyzing their workings in customs practice. The author also expresses his view on the classification of laws and patterns depending on their characteristics and impact on the functioning of the customs system.

This article analyzes the current international situation, when the center of gravity in the world economy is shifting towards developing countries, with China taking the leading position. The structure of the Chinese exports and imports is described. The article highlights the active character of China’s trade policy, which is aimed at protecting the domestic producers, supporting exporters and strengthening the Chinese position in the world market. The measures to improve the competitiveness of Chinese products and services are described.

The article considers the problems of formation and management of the systems of tactically independent business units of medium and large industrial enterprises.Within the provided conception the principles, conditions and possible ways of forming and managing the organization with a system of tactically independent business units are described, the stages of this process are identified and the choice of the form of management for the specified divisions is considered. The necessity is proved of singling out tactically independent enterprise divisions by example of putting into practice the concept of power focusing.

The dynamics of changes of modern conditions results in the necessity of increasing effective management of production systems. The article considers one of the approaches to building adaptive and situational management. The author suggests the formation of administrative influence on the basis of modeling the process of activity and elaborating management by result. The approach is based on the principle of functional aspect and a technique of forming and an assessing the borders of a tube of adaptive trajectories.

The article argues the necessity of designing and developing the systems of nonmaterial stimulation in industrial organizations as an element of a comprehensive system of personnel motivation and stimulation. The suggested systems are considered as factors of increasing the enterprise efficiency and a condition of stability and competitiveness in a changing environment. The authors identify two possible ways of forming and developing non-material incentives. They are as follows: through the management of business career and through the introduction of the Institute of mentoring. Within these frameworks the objectives and principles of implementation are described and the plans for the legal base building are proposed.

The article analyzes human security threats at a manufacturing enterprise. The change of motivational policy priorities in the sphere of labor protection can raise the level of worker’s reliability. The threats to human safety caused by low labor security culture were highlighted. The measures of motivational policy aimed at changing the culture of labor security at the enterprise were presented.

The article considers the problems of forming Russia’s consolidated budget from the perspective of the cardinal directions of the state taxation policy. The author surveys the changes in tax legislation which came into force since January, 1, 2014. The changes made in the first part of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are connected with the general rules of tax obligation and the kinds of tax law violations. The peculiarities of business taxation and payments of insurance contributions to non-budgetary funds are considered.