The paper presents the international and domestic experience of formation and development of customs administration. The features of customs administration, as well as the conditions of their formation and development are revealed. The main directions of improving customs activity in Common Economic Space and requirements of an «Improving customs administration» roadmap are shown. The author identifies the interrelation between customs administration and economic performance of the state and the impact of economic trends on improving customs operations.

As health is the integral part of human capital, the study of the prerequisites of reducing diseases and increasing productive life span is based on the concept of human capital investments. National health wholly depends on the quality of health care services which are life-long. In modernized economy the problems of reproductive labor and risk assessment in health care come to the fore. The article considers such reproductive labor risks as of subjects, objects and process and suggests a technique to estimate the economic damage of these risks in all periods of human resource reproduction.

The article considers Russia’s modern institutional structure of education and its evolutional development within the market for educational services. The system of education is determined by organizational and legal elements, levels, stages and forms of education as well as by state and nonstate government balance, budget and commercial basis and educational core-forming principles. Educational institutions function as economic subjects of educational services production. The educational service market is a structural element of socio-economic system the efficiency of which influences the educational level of the country’s population and the knowledge economy development allowing to defend economic and political position of the country in the world.

The article considers the main ways of human resource development in Russian defense industry under modern conditions. To remedy the current situation it is necessary to change the system of training in the defense industry, including research and teaching staff. To achieve this one should create a regulatory framework that defines the training of personnel for additional professional education; develop methodological guidelines for integrated assessment of human resource capacity in particular defense, to ensure a stable relationship between the employer and educational institutions and to form a system of personnel’s corporate training.

The world financial crisis showed significant deficiencies in many rating methodologies of the evaluation of financial position of a commercial bank. This article describes the author’s methodology developed on the basis of the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the most popular Russian and foreign methodologies of bank’s financial position evaluating. In order to get the most objective results the suggested methodology solves the problem of an overall analysis of numerous financial and non-financial indices of bank’s activity. The evaluating process falls into two stages: ratio express analysis and in-depth analysis of bank’s public accounts. At the first stage bank’s status is formed and at the second one - the resulting opinion of top-rank banks’ financial position for different types of investors.

The article considers the prospects of solving the problems of mono-towns and town-forming enterprises by the example of Kumertau in the Bashkir Urals. The author pays special attention to the issues of social burden reduction on town-forming enterprises. Of top priority are the tasks of establishing the system of town-enterprise social partnership, conducting joint social policy in the town, as well as gaining economic benefits from social sphere objects. The formation of a new design of interaction between local authorities and the enterprise is one of the key solutions to the problems of mono-towns under the conditions of financial crisis and instability of economic situation.

The paper examines the main approaches and stages of personnel reserve forming by example of a company. The appointment to senior staff positions of those candidates who are not from the list of successors may become a real problem in personnel management. For a personnel reserve to function effectively one should strictly coordinate the list of its members with the managers and owners of the company, otherwise the efficiency of the process will be reduced.

The article discusses the solution of economic optimization problems through mathematical modeling. Nonlinear dependences are chosen as mathematical models. Four types of optimization problems are formulated. The authors consider the tasks of search for extreme and preset values of the function of purpose in the range of definition in the form of a hyper cube with and without functional restrictions. The main task-implementing algorithm and a computer program are developed and tested. The possibility of inserting some additional program modules is provided in case of task changing.

The article considers the main stages of making a system of personnel training, ways of conducting needs analysis and assessment of training program efficiency. Training in itself promotes achieving operational and tactical tasks, but the problems concerning company’s business strategy can be only solved in case of particular attention paid to the formation of intellectual capital within the framework of general life-long education, accumulation and exchange of knowledge, self-development of employees at all levels of management and at each workplace.

The paper reveals the need to transform the approaches to highly skilled workers’ training and proposes new guidelines for achieving this. The evaluation criteria are the level of qualification, professional mobility, working experience, knowledge of related professions (specialties) and the level of professional development. The main feature of qualification is learning abilities. The author proposes a new “capable of learning” - “incapable of learning” classification of citizens who are willing (or forced) to get a working profession, which is based on their ability to learn. The notion of a «learning criterion of a production worker» has been formulated. The necessity of developing specific training modules for “capable of learning” students and “incapable of learning” students and industrial workers is substantiated.

The article considers the features of the Primorsky Territory fishing industry integration into the global market. The main focus of the study is on the analysis of the legal base of foreign trade activity of a fishing enterprise and possible perspectives of improving its regulation by the state (including customs). Non-tariff customs regulation are suggested as the most effective and progressive methods in case of fishing enterprises functioning within the framework of WTO and Customs Union.

The article studies the problem of changing the priorities in economic assessment and management of professional risks caused by unsafe working conditions. The economic advantages of transition to the principle of prevention and creation of motivation of safety are shown. The financial and motivational consequences of accident are analyzed. The possibility of receiving economic benefits from introduction of a set of preventive measures raising safety at workplace is revealed. A new technique is introduced to identify the economic effect of providing safe working conditions.

This article argues the necessity of diversification at the industrial enterprise and considers its reasons under modern market economy. The diversification is defined and the indices are revealed to measure its level. The industrial enterprise diversification is compared with industrial enterprise specialization and the synergetic effect is described at the growth of production capabilities. Differences are traced between the industrial diversification and the diversification of activity at the enterprise.

The improvement of the system of indicators of customs efficiency leads to an increase in their activity and national economy booming. The efficiency of customs as an institution providing non-commercial budget services is determined by the quality of the last ones. To estimate the efficiency of customs activity, it is necessary to be aware of the scales and volumes of the performed tasks as well as the goals of customs activity in general. The problem of forming customs efficiency indicators is considered proceeding from the principles of systematic approach and interpretation of customs services as operations.

This article tackles the problem of organization and regulation of insider activity, the ways of preventing business insiders, as well as approaches to assessing the damage from insider activities. Legislative rules related to insiders’ work in the areas of protection functions, personal protection, fine threat, damages to the victims are considered. The analysis is conducted of the regulation of insiders’ activity by example of Germany. The problem of frontran-ning is examined. The conclusion is made about the necessity to perfect the organization and regulation of insider activity in Russia.

The article considers the main stages of personnel certification and the features of this process by example of a company. The certification is conducted with less frequency than activity assessment, but with deeper analysis of a particular employee’s work. The correctly organized and conducted certification is able to reveal most of the problems in organization control system, as its primary goal is not a mass estimation of workers, but a deep analysis of individual achievements or errors in concrete structural subdivisions.