Aim. To analyze the state of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in Russia, to research the problem of its development and the necessity and essence of institutional transformations.

Methodology. The research of economists, regulatory and legislative documents, analysis of statistical data, observation, comparative analysis, induction and deduction methods are used in the work.

Results. Based on the analysis of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia, the role of the state in its support is revealed, especially during the Coronavirus pandemic and economic sanctions. The necessity of carrying out institutional transformations for the further development of SMEs, such as: increasing the prestige of labor, including entrepreneurship, strengthening private property rights, shifting the priority of interaction between small and medium-sized businesses and authorities to the regions, is substantiated.

Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the theoretical understanding of the processes taking place in small and medium-sized businesses in Russia, and substantiate the need for its development of institutional transformations.

Aim. Analysis of the institutional aspect of the mechanism of state intervention in society and the economy.

Methodology. The key research method was content analysis. The analysis of the content of the key functions of the state to ensure the integrity (stability, stability) of the human community is carried out on the basis of the works of representatives of the economic institutional theory D. North, A. Alchian, M. Blaug.

Results. It is shown that as the systems of human society become more complex, associated with the coronovirus pandemic, the state objectively became atomized within society and improved formal institutions as a dialectic of punishment and reward mechanisms. The relevance of the violation of the dialectics of the state and society, when the state unilaterally structures socially acceptable norms of people’s behavior, giving rise to a societal crisis, is substantiated.

Research implications lies in the disclosure of the fundamental causes of the societal crisis, predetermined by the violation of dialectics in the relationship between the state and society, the state and citizens as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim. To identify the changes that occur with the modern economic system.

Methodology. The following methods were used: a) analysis of scientific reviews and articles on the problems of diagnosing the need and readiness for automation of social processes; b) expert online survey; c) content analysis of answers to open questions.

Results. The article discusses the driving forces and circumstances of the deficit state of the modern economic system. The coronavirus pandemic and measures to combat it are seen as accelerating the transition to a new model of the world economy, to the streamlining and reasonable automation of many social processes.

Research implications. Conclusions are drawn about the urgent need to create useful technologies, their competent implementation in specific conditions and the formation of a benevolent regulatory environment. This is important not only from a theoretical point of view, but also for the practical preservation of the pace of digital transformation, for the public good.

Aim. The major purpose of this work is to explore the development of the Russian oil industry under Western sanctions.

Methodology. Methods of comparative analysis, comparison, generalization and interpretation of research results were used.

Results. The results of studying the experience of Iran showed that Russia can use local financing of oil projects, the localization of small and medium-sized companies in the field of exploration and production, the issuance of foreign bonds and the creation of an oil industry development fund to neutralize the impact of Western sanctions imposed on the development of the Russian oil industry.

Research implications. In order to develop the oil industry in the face of Western sanctions, Russia should try to motivate SMEs and private foreign investors to participate in exploration and production activities. In addition, the identification of new directions for oil exports (especially to the ASEAN countries) can secure Russia’s share in the world oil market.

Aim. To assess the level of implementation of the National Program Digital Economy of the Russian Federation in the country and in Samara region.

Methodology. The work is based on statistical data provided by the portal of the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as the materials of scientific publications and conferences.

Results. The article analyzes the indicators of innovativeness and digitalization of the industrial complex in Samara region. The author substantiates the necessity of innovation, in particular the transition to digital technology at the level of the regional industrial complex in terms of improving the regional production system. The article defines the indicators necessary for monitoring the National Program implementation.

Research implications. The results of this study can be used in the strategy for the development of the regional industrial complex on the basis of digitalization and innovation.

Aim. The article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of consumer assessment on the overall competitiveness of a company that produces complex technical and innovative products and to the product quality management during its movement through all stages of the life cycle based on the calculation of the consumer value norm

Methodology. The study considers the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of defining the hierarchy of factors affecting the companies’ competitiveness and the mechanism of formation of the Consumer Value Norm (CVN) with the help of consumer assessment.

Results. The matrix of pairwise comparison of factors affecting the company competitiveness based on an expert assessments scale has been compiled. The article shows the unequal importance of various factors for consumers of complex technical products. The role of CVN and consumer evaluation as fundamental categories of brand marketing is also investigated in the research.

Research implications. The survey demonstrates the degree of influence of various factors on the complex technical products competitiveness. There is shown the expediency of using consumer evaluation in the analysis of the company’s competitiveness. Using the example of calculating the priority vector for the Russian automotive market, it is concluded that the quality of the goods produced by the company has the greatest impact on the level of competitiveness of the company, which is managed by the calculation and tracking of the consumer value norm at all stages of the product life cycle.

Aim. To describe and analyze innovative approaches to the development of resource potential at the regional level. The authors conducted a study of the concept “potential”; revealed the dynamic susceptibility of a sample of resources; considered the transcendent property of potential in the functional aspect of the controlling activity of the enterprise.

Methodology. The article formulates the theses and defines the algorithmics used to create a correct innovation strategy at the regional level. The methods of system analysis, the coefficient method, as well as the method of analogy and comparison were used in the study.

Results. In the course of work, the authors considered the structure of the innovation strategy of the region and briefly formulated and proposed a grouping of innovative potentials: coefficients of promising opportunities, resulting and requested innovation coefficients.

Research implications: the authors managed to update the problems of formation of the mechanism of innovative development of the total resource potential of the region.

Aim  is to develop an economic and mathematical model to determine the contribution of coinvestors in infrastructure projects for the development of Russia’s Arctic regions.

Methodology. The development of an optimality criterion and a system of constraints to ensure an adequate mapping of the optimal set of compensation projects to meet the interests of the population. The constraints of the model consider the time factor, the capabilities of each potential investor, the sought-after contribution to the infrastructure projects under consideration, etc.

Results. The simultaneous consideration of the financing possibilities of potential investors, the required costs for the implementation of infrastructure projects, the time factor, as well as the order of implementation of projects. For each of the investors estimated profit from participation in the project, which is used in the construction of the vector criterion of optimality.

Research implications are in bringing the developed multi-criteria model to the standard linear programming model due to the transparency of procedures for performing expert procedures and processing the resulting evaluations, as well as the simplicity of the economic-mathematical model. The model is flexible enough to allow for any planning horizon, independent of the number of investors and number of projects. This flexibility makes it possible to develop infrastructure projects in any Arctic region of Russia. 

Aim. Development of approaches to stimulating the innovation and technological development of Russia based on the revitalization of industrial territorial clusters and the implementation of the open innovation model.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study includes theories of strategic management, technologization of management and digitalization of business models, cluster development. A comparative analysis was used as the leading method, which made it possible to explore the criteria, methods and models for the development of innovative industrial territorial clusters in Russia. Logical and historical research methods have revealed the evolution of the key criteria for the segmentation of industrial companies. A comprehensive economic analysis made it possible to study the dynamics of key indicators and identify promising mechanisms for stimulating the innovation and technological development of Russia based on the integration of science and education, the introduction of an open innovation model in the activities of clusters. Thus, the development of theoretical approaches and practical skills to stimulate the activities of industrial territorial clusters contributes to the solution of a multi-purpose function aimed at solving industrial, social, environmental, technical and technological problems.

Research implications. The study reveals is due to the need to intensify the country’s innovative and technological development in order to achieve the strategic goals of developing the national economy, which include increasing the share of innovatively active companies up to 50%, reducing poverty by half, and the Russian economy entering the top five world powers. by 2024

Results. An assessment of the dynamic efficiency of innovation activity was made from the standpoint of achieving the KPI of the regions. The mechanisms of stimulating the activity of industrial territorial clusters and methods of their management are revealed. The results of the study allow us to draw the following main conclusion: in the Russian Federation, the strategic competitive advantage of companies is based on the introduction of technological innovations and technologization of management, which form the necessary material base for an innovative economy and contribute to the solution of social problems. To ensure sustainable development, Russian clusters need to focus their activities on the priority implementation of technological innovations; introduction of an open innovation model; increase investment and innovation activity in the development and application of digital and advanced production technologies; to carry out the transition to the model of corporate financing of innovation and technological development.

Aim.  To explore the system of taxation with water tax and show that water resources are not unlimited, the economical and rational use of water resources makes it possible to optimize tax payments to both legal entities and individuals, and individual entrepreneurs.

Methodology. The dynamics of accruals and receipts from the water tax, the dynamics of tax rates for various uses of water resources, which depend on the basin of a river, lake or sea, are considered. The multiplying coefficients for the tax rates of the water tax for the main types of water use within the limit, which are set at a certain value to all basic water tax rates, are analyzed. The article uses a comparative method, the method of arithmetic differences, elements of predictive analysis.

Results. The analysis showed that the amount of tax payments paid by taxpayers of water tax depend on the following factors: the economic region where the water facilities are located; river, lake, sea basins; type of use of water resources (for water intake, water areas, hydropower, wood alloy); tax rates; increasing coefficients. It has been proven that the more taxpayers use water bodies, the more they pay water tax. If taxpayers take and spend water resources in excess of the established norm, then the excess tax increases fivefold.

Research implications. All water sources in our country belong to the state. Legal entities and individuals, as well as individual entrepreneurs, on the basis of a permit (license), take water from both surface and underground water bodies for their own needs, float wood on water bodies, and generate electricity without water intake. Therefore, the use of water bodies in our country is carried out on a paid basis. Tax rates for water tax are legally defined in a fixed amount and are annually indexed by an adjustment factor. The correction factor for water tax rates for the main types of water use carried out within the permitted limits is fixed in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation until 2025 inclusive.