Aim. To give a theoretical interpretation of the role of the state in structuring systemic integrity, allowing understanding the extent to which it is able to participate in the formation of socio-economic integrity.

Methodology. The main content of the study lies in the author’s attempt, made on the basis of dialectical logic, the conclusions of system theories and the analysis of the views of Russian philosophers A.A. Bogdanov, N.F. Ovchinnikov, to determine the theoretical meaning of the state’s actions to strengthen the integrity of any system in the sphere of the economy or society.

Results. It is shown in the abstract sense the integrity of the system is associated with the quality of its structural component, represented by the state. The modern interpretation of the state is substantiated, which implies an increase in the importance of the subjective component in the processes of system formation in the economy and society. It is concluded that the conservative beginning of the state and its fundamental inability to serve as a driver of a new social reality are based on its endlessly repeated attempts to strengthen existing structural ties and multiply their number.

Research implications are to determine the role of the state as a structure of economic and social formations in ensuring structural stability by generating a hierarchy of structural levels and increasing structural ties in the socio-economic system.

Aim. The aim of the article is to identify the signs and comprehend the activities of scientific schools as a reflection of the conceptual status of science.

Methodology. The main content of the study is the analysis of scientific literature, which reflects various aspects of the activities of scientific schools, analyzes the views of researchers on the role of scientific schools in the system of hierarchical relationships that arise in the process of scientific knowledge.

Results. The analysis showed that it is the scientific schools that determine the high status of scientific knowledge, are the basis for the further development of science as the only system of cognition of the facts and events of human existence, based on the systemic «collective mind» striving to cognize the Truth. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that in order to classify a team of scientists as a scientific school, certain parametric grounds must be observed, which make it possible to say that a team of scientists has reached the level of a scientific school.

Research Implications. The new material on the topic under study has been summarized, criteria have been introduced into scientific circulation, allowing us to say that a team of scientists managed to create a scientific school, raising the status of the scientific problem under study to the level of true knowledge. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in the process of writing scientific research, textbooks, methodological materials on issues related to the role of scientific schools in the cognition of objective reality.

Aim. To determine the institutional conditions, the formation of which is necessary to overcome the negative factors influencing the development of the Russian economy, including the processes of its digital transformation and the transition to a new technological order, caused by the economic pressure of unfriendly countries, including unprecedented anti-Russian sanctions.

Methodology. The theoretical basis of the study was scientific works carried out in the field of economic theory. In the course of the study, the following scientific methods were applied: comparative analysis, induction, deduction.

Results. The study found that the economy of the Russian Federation is developing under the economic pressure of unfriendly countries, which can have a negative impact on the process of digital transformation of the economy and its subsequent transition to a new technological order. In the prevailing geopolitical conditions, of particular importance for overcoming the existing negative factors is the institutional structure of Russia that meets the requirements of the time. The main importance is given to the political and economic system, as well as the economic theory used to develop the economic policy of the state.

Research implications. On the basis of the study, the political and economic systems are defined as the backbone elements of the institutional structure of Russia. In the political system of Russia, it is proposed to single out two blocks: the state block and the block constituting the Russian society. It has been established that two blocks of the political system represent two opposing groups of interests: public and private. As a theoretical basis of the state economic policy, the necessity of applying the institutional economic theory is substantiated. The results of the study make a certain contribution to the development of the theory of institutionalism.

Aim. To identify the channels and scale of emigration from Tajikistan to the OECD countries, as well as to determine the contribution of Tajik emigrants to the economy of Tajikistan and the OECD countries.

Methodology. During the research two methods were used: 1) the economic and statistical method; 2) the method of conducting interviews with experts.

Results. The article discusses the scale of emigration from Tajikistan to the EERS countries, internal and external factors that caused the reorientation of the flow of labor migrants from Tajikistan to a new direction - the OECD countries in the mid–2010s. As well as the economic contribution of labor migration from Tajikistan to the economy of the host countries by the method of assessing wages in GDP and to the economy of Tajikistan itself by the method of assessing the contribution of remittances to GDP.

Research implications. The conducted research expands the idea of emigration from Tajikistan to a new direction of the OECD country. The practical significance of the study is that certain provisions of the work can be used in the work of the authorities of the Republic of Tajikistan, the OECD countries, as well as the Russian Federation, when making decisions regarding labor migration and some other areas of the economy.

Aim. The article examines the modern development of the domestic economy and business in the context of geostrategic political changes and the unleashing of the economic war of the collective West against Russia.

Methodology. During the research, system analysis, methods of content analysis of documents, as well as methods of deduction and induction, methods of analysis, comparison, diagnostic approach, interpretation of research results and some others were used as the main methods.

Results. The article analyzes the state of the Russian industrial production of heavy machinery, machine tools and electronics industry after the events of February 2022 in connection with the unprecedented sanctions imposed on Russia by non-friendly countries. It was revealed that the dependence of these industries on import supplies and the consequences from them required the start of accelerated import substitution and the reversal of export transport and logistics routes in the eastern direction. The article reveals the problems and potential on the way of structural restructuring of domestic key medium- and high-tech industries, caused by the events that have occurred and in response to the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries.

Research Implications. The authors of the work, based on the detailed analysis of the state of the Russian industrial production of heavy machinery, machine tools and electronic industry after the events of February 2022, proved that the strategic advantage of the new round of sanctions will be a powerful impetus to import substitution. It is revealed that over the past year, progress has already been visibly outlined in many industries, including the industries discussed in the article. At the same time, there are still many gaps in the technological chains that will have to be overcome on the upcoming long path of import substitution. It is noted that one of the most important obstacles at the stage of the restoration of the Russian electronics industry will be the import of foreign microelectronics, its component base, elements and other products, the consequences of which for the entire industry and infrastructure will be temporarily extremely severe.

Aim. Identification of ways to develop regional engineering in the context of the need for import substitution and the creation of a sustainable industrial base.

Methodology. During the research, statistical data of Rosstat, economic materials of industrial associations and enterprises, expert opinions were used. Theoretical and practical methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, grouping and generalization, as well as empirical methods of observation and comparison of the results were used. Thus, the application of theoretical approaches and practical methods of studying the activities of industrial enterprises contributes to solving the problem of effective import substitution and the development of production, social and technical and technological tasks of production.

Results. In the conditions of increasing sanctions and import restrictions, import substitution as well as the development of own production is becoming more and more relevant. Currently, due to the increased shortage of equipment and components, a wide range of opportunities for the development of own machine-building production is being created. With all the potential available for the development and creation of its own uninterrupted process of mechanical engineering, the economy faces certain difficulties and problems. In order to ensure the sustainable development of regional mechanical engineering, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the modernization of production, increase investment activity in the development and application of digital and advanced production technologies, measures of federal and regional support for domestic production.

Research implications. It is conditioned by the need to develop scientific recommendations that contribute to the development of regional mechanical engineering in the context of the need for import substitution and ensuring state self-sufficiency to achieve strategic goals for the development of the national economy and improving the welfare of the population.

Aim. To determine the trends in the development of the manufacturing industry in Kazakhstan, reveal the prerequisites and directions for transforming the strategy of its innovative and industrial development, and evaluate their effectiveness.

Methodology. Methods of scientific knowledge of comparison and generalization, induction and deduction, statistical analysis are applied. Scientific publications of foreign and Russian scientists-economists, legal acts and official statistics are used.

Results. Based on the analysis of the development of industry in modern Kazakhstan, the authors have identified the stages of transformation of industrial policy and determined their features. The most important trends in industrial development have been identified, and the main problems hindering the development of the manufacturing industry have been identified. The results of the implementation of the strategy of «new industrialization» – the programs of innovative and industrial development of Kazakhstan were assessed; new measures to stimulate the development of the manufacturing industry were disclosed.

Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the development of the theory of industrialization. Along with the theoretical systematization of the provisions, the study has practical significance, which consists in assessing the results of the implementation of state programs for the innovative and industrial development of Kazakhstan, identifying trends and promising directions for the development of its manufacturing industry.

Aim. The article is devoted to the study of the main trends in the digital transformation of industrial enterprises.

Methodology. During the research, methods of system analysis were used, which allow to comprehensively consider the processes taking place at industrial enterprises.

Results. Based on the study of the main features of digitalization, the economic essence of the digital transformation of industry is determined, which consists in the need to consider this phenomenon from the point of view of the economic effects that arise at enterprises under the influence of transformational processes. The main differences between the automation of production processes and the digital transformation of an industrial enterprise as a whole are presented.

Research Implications. It is shown that the identified industry trends of digital transformation of industrial enterprises lead to changes in production methods, and their integration into the production, technological and operational model is not a competitive advantage, but a necessary condition for the development of industry.

Aim. To build algorithms for the formation of a strategy for the economic security of municipalities.

Methodology. As methods for performing the study, the content analysis of documents, the method of graphical modeling, the method of paired comparisons, the construction of morphological matrices, the method of nominal groups, and the construction of a strategy formulation based on keywords of goals were used. The content of the strategies of the municipalities of Vladimir region is analyzed to reflect the issues of economic security in them. The main factors influencing the economic security of municipalities are determined. Regulatory documents have been established that regulate the directions, goals and objectives of building a strategy for the economic security of municipalities.

Results. The analysis carried out showed that economic security issues are not fully reflected in the development strategies of municipalities. Algorithms for constructing economic security strategies for municipalities have been developed based on the four approaches that form the basis of the strategy configurator.

Research Implications. Each model of the generated configurator allows you to build a strategy for the economic security of the municipality. A comprehensive presentation of the prospects for the development of the municipality in terms of economic security ensures that the content of the development strategy of the municipality itself is filled with adequate projects, programs and strategically significant events.

Aim. The aim of this study is to justify the change in measuring the productivity of an employee at a fixed workplace and the transition to measuring the productivity of a system of machines that perform all operations in automatic mode according to the “black box” - “input-output” principle.

Methodology. The article uses a diagnostic approach to measuring labor productivity based on data from a production line.

Results. The diagnostic approach is formalized as a synthesis of analytical and managerial functions. The applicability of its use to produce the consumer goods sector is demonstrated.

Research implications. The theoretical and/or practical significance is determined by the possibility of using a diagnostic approach to measure labor productivity in manufacturing enterprises.

Aim. The aim of the study is to show the relationship between territorial branding and the tourism sector.

Methodology. The conceptual apparatuses of brand, territory brand, umbrella brand and co-branding are studied. The emotional component of the image is analyzed through the concept of «feelings as information». Separately, gamification is considered as a useful technology for the tourism sector in order to strengthen relations and increase demand. The history of the transformation of the brand of the Republic of South Africa is studied in more detail. In the Russian Federation, as an example, the territorial brands of Sokolniki Park, Primorsky Victory Park, Gorky Central Park, Skypark in Sochi, and Russia itself are given.

Results. The study was aimed at clarifying the concepts and, in this regard, the choice of the most appropriate positioning strategy to increase the value of the territory for the tourist. The authors concluded that brand loyalty plays a key role in the formation of an affective image and emotional attachment. The mutual influence of a product on its brand can be both positive and negative. Extending the concept of reciprocity to a new context, the study analyzes how consumer perceptions of destinations can affect a national tourism brand. The article is aimed at understanding the influence of territorial brands on tourism.

Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the specialized literature on brand purpose and integrated marketing communications, and offer interesting insights for destination managers. This study is expected to be useful in supporting a range of tourism management decisions in destinations and countries.

Aim. To analyze the current problems of personnel support for the development of innovative infrastructure, which have various causes of occurrence, but at the same time negatively affect the possibility of increasing innovation activity necessary to achieve technological sovereignty and technological independence.

Methodology. The key research methods were analytical research methods and system-integrated analysis.

Results. The trends and features of the development of personnel support for innovative activities in Russia both at the state and at the level of a separate enterprise are highlighted, the impact of personnel support on the development of innovative infrastructure is shown. It is justified that at present a full-fledged process of personnel support for innovative activities is not built and is fragmentary in nature. The problem of staffing is an urgent problem that requires a quick solution in order to increase innovative activities and innovative development of the state, region, and enterprise.

Research implications. The study made it possible to justify the impact of staffing on the development of innovative infrastructure; revealed modern problems of staffing the Russian economy, the solution and/or neutralization of which will contribute to the achievement of technological sovereignty and technological independence of the country.

Aim. To explore the criteria for the application of special tax regimes by small businesses, to identify the positive aspects and disadvantages of these regimes.

Methodology. The share of small and medium-sized businesses in GDP and employment in Russia and different countries is considered; the dynamics of small businesses in Russia is shown. With a gradual decrease in small businesses, the reasons hindering its development are identified; the problems and prospects for the development of entrepreneurship in Russia are outlined. The article uses the following research methods: theoretical method, classification, comparative analysis.

Results. The profitability of the use of special tax regimes by small businesses is shown. As a result of the analysis, both positive and negative aspects of the application of special tax regimes were identified, such as: a simplified taxation system (STS), a single agricultural tax (SAT), a patent taxation system (PTS), a professional income tax (PIT), an automated simplified system taxation (ASSN).

Research implications. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the works of the classics of economic theory, leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of theory and practice of taxation of small businesses. The concept of small business is interpreted by theorists in different ways. But whatever the interpretation of small business, this business performs the most important social function and thus contributes to the creation of new jobs and the flow of tax payments to the Russian budget system. In modern conditions, the possibility of using preferential special tax regimes is a tool to support entrepreneurs (especially owners of small and medium-sized businesses) and their ability to optimize their tax payments. In this way, the majority of the profits received would be used by them for further business development.

Aim. To identify the features of personnel management, which is based on the theory of generations.

Methodology. The work uses research by scientists who study personnel, methods of deduction and induction, as well as analysis.

Results. Based on the theory of generation, the main generational groups of employees are presented, which today form the modern labor market. The features and values of such generations as: baby boomers, generations X, Y, Z are revealed. Their main positive and negative sides, as well as ways of motivation are indicated. The necessity of taking into account the theory of generations in the formation of a personnel management system is substantiated.

Research implications. The results of the study can be used both in a theoretical and practical aspect in the analysis and improvement of the management system in a modern company.